Close X
Saturday, November 23, 2024
ADVT 
National

What Makes Chickens Happy? University Of Guelph Researchers Try To Find Out

Darpan News Desk The Canadian Press, 21 Dec, 2018 12:10 AM
  • What Makes Chickens Happy? University Of Guelph Researchers Try To Find Out

NEW YORK — How do you measure a chicken's happiness? Is it in the way it runs for food? How much time it spends preening?


To size up what might make chickens happy in their brief lives, researchers at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, are putting 16 breeds through physical fitness and behavioural tests. They're watching how well birds scramble over a barrier for food, how skittish they seem and whether they play with a fake worm.


Chickens can't say how they feel, but playing with a fake worm may be a sign of happiness.


"We have to infer when an animal is happy or content or experiencing pleasure based on their behaviour," said Stephanie Torrey, one of the researchers.


In recent years, the animal welfare world has moved beyond looking at how to minimize suffering to exploring whether animals can also enjoy their lives, Torrey said.


Such measures may be considered irrelevant by companies but underscore a broader lack of consensus around the welfare of chickens, which are sometimes slaughtered as soon as five weeks after hatching.


Animal welfare advocates say cruelty begins with birds that have been bred to have breasts so big they can barely walk. They say today's chickens are genetic monstrosities crippled by pain and that the industry needs to switch breeds.


Many in the industry say there's no problem and that chickens may not move around a lot because they're sedentary. Even if they were to agree to change breeds, it's not clear what the alternatives should look like.


The two sides disagree about the cause and frequency of health issues among broilers chickens. Tyson and Sanderson Farms, for example, acknowledge that chicken breasts have ballooned over the years, but they say they're not seeing widespread problems as a result.


"If they can't move and get to the feed trough, they're not going to survive," said Mike Cockrell, chief financial officer for Sanderson Farms.


John Glisson of the U.S. Poultry and Egg Association says broiler chickens are "couch potatoes" and that some people may mistake the birds' laziness for a medical issue. He said trying to assess welfare is tricky beyond established industry measures, like whether a chicken dies from disease before it's slaughtered.


The industry says changing breeds is unnecessary, and that switching to broiler chickens that don't grow as big or as fast would mean using up more water and other resources. Chicken prices at the supermarket would be higher too.


Still, animal welfare is becoming a bigger public relations concern, and companies say they're always looking for ways to take better care of their chickens.


Tyson recently ran a trial that let chickens pick from pens with varying levels of light to determine which they prefer. Perdue is testing giving its conventional birds as much light and space as its organic birds, which are the same breed.


The Humane Society of the United States says stepping up living conditions helps, but it believes the bigger problem is breeding that has resulted in disfigured chickens. It says chickens have been genetically manipulated to have massive breasts their legs cannot support.


"It is crazy for anyone to have to remind the industry that birds naturally walk," said Josh Balk, the Humane Society's vice-president of farm animal protection.


Balk said the study in Canada will provide important information on what type of chickens might suffer less.


University of Guelph researchers are also tracking chicken traits like weight, growth rate and meat quality they hope will be useful to the industry. Aviagen and Tyson-owned Cobb, which supply breeds to chicken producers, are providing birds for the study, including breeds that are widely used.


The companies say they already track health and welfare, but that they're interested in the research.


The Guelph study is being funded by the Global Animal Partnership, which certifies corporate animal welfare standards. In 2016, it launched a campaign to get companies to switch to "slower growing" breeds. Since then, it has acknowledged that chicken welfare is more complicated than just growth rate.


It's now pushing for a "better" chicken, and hopes the study will help define what that entails.


Only a small percentage of chickens in the U.S. are GAP-certified, and spelling out new requirements for breeds risks making certification even rarer.


Anne Malleau, the group's executive director, notes some of the researchers' tests may seem far out. But she said providing "enrichments" — such as places where chickens can rest or perch — was also seen as a fringe idea before becoming more accepted.


GAP was founded a decade ago with funding from Whole Foods, which still pays Malleau's and another staffer's salaries.


Back in Guelph, researchers note that chicken traits can make for marketable imagery. That includes behaviours like their willingness to engage with a fake worm — which they note may be misinterpreted as "playing" and happiness.

"The jury's still out whether domestic chickens, with their comparatively smaller brains, have the capacity to play," Torrey said.

MORE National ARTICLES

Vancouver Police Investigate Stranger Sex Assault

Vancouver Police are asking for witnesses and dash-cam footage after a teenaged girl was pulled into a wooded area and sexually assaulted on Tuesday in East Vancouver.

Vancouver Police Investigate Stranger Sex Assault

Vancouver Police Remind Public That Thieves Will Steal Anything

Vancouver Police arrested a known property crime offender in downtown Vancouver on Thursday after they observed him smash the window of a parked car and steal bags that were visible inside.

Vancouver Police Remind Public That Thieves Will Steal Anything

Surrey Gang Enforcement Team Arrest Violent Offender After Traffic Stop

Surrey Gang Enforcement Team Arrest Violent Offender After Traffic Stop
Surrey Gang Enforcement Unit (SGET) arrested a known offender with Lower Mainland Gang associations Tuesday evening after he fled from a police traffic stop. The 24-year-old man, who has a history of violence, was located and apprehended in the Newton area of Surrey.

Surrey Gang Enforcement Team Arrest Violent Offender After Traffic Stop

Stricter Rules In B.C. Mean Parental Consent Required For Minors On Party Buses

VICTORIA — New safety measures in British Columbia to protect minors on party buses mean parents or guardians will be required to sign consent forms.

Stricter Rules In B.C. Mean Parental Consent Required For Minors On Party Buses

Surrey RCMP Seize Six Handguns, Suspected Cocaine In Bust

Surrey RCMP Seize Six Handguns, Suspected Cocaine In Bust
Surrey RCMP has arrested a man and made a significant seizure of handguns and suspected illicit drugs as part of an investigation into an incident of uttering threats.

Surrey RCMP Seize Six Handguns, Suspected Cocaine In Bust

IHIT Now Claims Surrey Bhangra Promoter Raj Sangha Was ‘Associated To Drug Activity’

Homicide Team⁩'s Cpl Frank Jang says the victim of Surrey's latest shooting Rajeev Sangha aka Raj Sangha was associated with drug activity. The information was provided from policing partners from outside B.C.

IHIT Now Claims Surrey Bhangra Promoter Raj Sangha Was ‘Associated To Drug Activity’